Influence Of Cybercrime On Internet Users Information Technology Essay

Influence Of Cybercrime On Internet Users Information Technology Essay The exceptional growth of internet continues into the 21st century, which has brought tremendous opportunities in the various fields of life like education, businesses and entertainment etc. Because of that everything has shrink to click of a mouse. However along with the increase in the benefits of internet, the risks involved in use of internet have also increased. Thats why we usually come across the fact that crime has made a home in cyberspace. [2][3] Electric commerce is rapidly becoming the important part of global economy. e.g. around 50 millions customer visit ebay store online per day is around 50 million. ebay sellers do the business around 6 million pounds per day. The profit making capacity of online businesses such as ebay not only increased the global economy, but has also amplified the rate of online crimes due to large number of customers involved in online transactions. The fast and easy email sending has not only amplified the personal business communication but also increased the chance for confident and expert criminals to steal the important information like credit cards or date of birth of unaware users using email and keyboard capture devices. Today, computers have become important of our day to day life. We know today with technology like neural networks and Nano-computing, atoms in a cup of water can be used to perform billions of operation per second. Cyber crime is a malevolence, which is growing with the increase in our reliance with computers in modern day to day life. In our todays life when anything from kitchen to nuclear power plants is being run by computers. Thats way cyber crime has become so common in everywhere in our life where computer is in used..[2] Cybercrime can said to be latest but it is perhaps the most complex problem in the cyber world. Cybercrime can be of various type but common thing in every cybercrime is that the computer is used as an object or subject in an act considered to be crime. Per Lord Atkin said in his book that, Any criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrumentality, target or a means for perpetuating further crimes comes within the ambit of cyber crime Cybercrime has various definitions but generally a cybercrime can be understood as a unlawful conduct in which computer is either a target or tool or may be both. Computer can be utilized as a tool in various kinds of activities like financial crimes, online gambling, e-mail spoofing, forgery, cyber defamation. And computer can also be targeted for crime like unauthorized access to information, theft of the financial information like credit cards, Trojan attacks and even physically causing harm to computer system.[1][4] Cyber crime is a growing perhaps the biggest problem in cyber world. It is comprises of criminal acts, performed by the use of computer network, mainly internet. That can be carried out by sitting remotely. Such types of acts include unauthorised access of files, disturbing the functionality of the programs using viruses, logic bombs etc. Experts today argue that what comprise the cybercrime. Generally it is understood to be consisting of traditional activities such as fraud, theft and forgery using computer. Today it also includes cyber stalking. Cybercrime can also have acts not considered as a crime under one authority or law but may be considered as a crime under other authority or law. [3][5] This is a very important part of any research work, I have understood this concept clearly and I am going to get the primary data for my research from questionnaire. And for secondary data I have read various books written on cybercrime by great names, and also will be reading articles, journals, newspapers etc, in order to get as much data which would help me analysis. In my research work I will use questionnaire method to collect primary data, as It is the best choice to get in depth information from real users with the help of some open ended multiple choice questions. Moreover, In order to get the real picture open ended questions are very much beneficial to collect specific and in depth information. The reason I choose questionnaire method for my data gathering is that the information I need is directly related to the real time computer users, and there are different kind of techniques or ways of committing cybercrime. So I will make questionnaire considering various techniques and reasons, which lead a user to fall victim of a cybercrime. And one of the advantages of Questionnaire is that I am able to email and fax them to my require destination which is quick, safe. And this method is also cheap as compared to any other data collection methods. According to Kahn and Cannel, the most powerful technique of gathering consistent, valid and relevant data is questionnaire survey. I am also aware of few limitations to my research work. Time constraint is the main limitation as I have to perform number of tasks in limited time like selection of topic, data collection, data analysis and concluding my research etc. Another limitation can be words as I would have to write comprehensive and in depth report with minimum words possible.

Butler Lumber Company Case Study Essay

Summary of Facts. Butler Lumber Company is a Pacific Northwest based lumber distributor that sells plywood, moldings, and sash and door products. The sole owner of Butler Lumber is Mark Butler, accompanied by one administrative assistant and ten employees who focus on repairs and labor intensive work. Because of Butler Lumber’s competitive pricing scheme, it has seen rapid growth in the past few years. Due to the rapid growth and a shortage of cash in 1990, Butler Lumber Company is seeking to take out an additional loan in order for the business to sustain itself and grow in the coming years. Butler Lumber has the option to accept a loan of $250,000 from Suburban National Bank, or accept an unsecured revolving 90-day note of $465,000 at 10.5% interest from Northrop National Bank. If Mr. Butler decides to accept the note from Northrop National bank, it will sever the existing ties with Suburban National Bank and a new relationship must be maintained. Problem. If Mr. Butler accepts the loan from Suburban National Bank, he must agree to a secured loan that is backed by his real property that will act as collateral for the agreed amount of $250,000. Due to Suburban National Bank’s constraints, Mr. Butler is looking to find a new banking relationship that would allow him to negotiate a much larger unsecured loan. The amount of the loan offered by Suburban National Bank has made Mr. Butler realize the company’s growth potential – increase in sales, but also realize the increase in debt. Since he is limited on his loan and has little cash on hand, he has turned to trade credit for the past few years. As consultants, we will investigate the following four key issues: * Should Butler Lumber sever ties with Suburban National bank in order to obtain a larger loan from Northrop National Bank? * Why does Butler Lumber have a cash shortage problem to begin with, and are they currently using their existing funds efficientl y? * How much additional funding does Butler Lumber need, and will they continue to need even more in the future? * What sort of implications does the firm’s growth suggest? * Are there Alternative solutions to Butler Lumber’s cash shortage problems? Analysis. The need for cash is clear; however, there could be multiple opportunities to raise the capital that is needed. It is imperative that Butler Lumber takes into consideration the costs associated with accepting external financing, and in turn be able to assess whether or not it is the best solution. If relying on external financing is not plausible, Mr. Butler will have to search for alternative methods to grow his business – whether it’s finding a different financing solution or a way to generate cash by altering management activities. As we assess Butler Lumber’s operations from 1988 to 1990, it is clear that his reliance on trade credit and a specific focus on having a very competitive pricing schema has allowed the company to generate revenue up to this point. Although the company was able to generate revenue at an increasing rate during the given years, Butler Lumber was unable to accumulate any cash in order to fund operations moving forward. We will start by assessing one of the two immediately available options presented for Butler Lumber: Butler Lumber can remain with Suburban National Bank by accepting their loan offer of $250,000. The only apparent advantage of this option lies solely in the fact that the relationship with the bank already exists. The disadvantages are seen in the possibility that Butler Lumber will need additional financing past the initial loan amount, and the offered loan is now secured (backed by Mr. Butler’s real property), signaling that the bank has doubts that Butler Lumber will pay back the loan amount. Though Butler may be capable of repaying the amount, it is inevitable that the company will need more financing. Due to the bank’s recent focus on the riskiness of Butler Lumber, this may alter their ability to receive more funding from Suburban National Bank. Mr. Butler could alternatively choose to take the unsecured revolving 90-day note of $465,000 at 10.5% interest from Northrop National Bank. The apparent advantages are: it is a more flexible option, it is an unsecured loan that requires no collateral from Mr. Butler, and it is of a larger amount. The big disadvantages are: the termination of the banking relationship between Butler Lumber and Suburban National Bank, and the increased interest expense on the loan. Another disadvantage of establishing a LOC with Northrop National Bank is the possibility of restrictions on the company stating that the net working capital be maintained at a level agreed upon by both parties and any increase in fixed assets with approval by N orthrop. Also there would be limitations on withdrawals of funds from the business by Mr. Butler. Another concern with the loan is that Butler Lumber would need to draw additional loans from Northrop because the company is unable to pay back the loan amount within the 90 day period due to the lack of cash and liquid assets. -Why does Butler Lumber have a cash shortage problem to begin with ,and are they currently using their existing funds efficiently? The â€Å"Sources and Uses of Funds brings forth a snapshot of the company’s cash flows and illustrates the reason behind Butler Lumber’s cash deficit. For the past two years, Butler Lumber has generated negative cash flow from operations, which is alarming for the firm. Given the typical business model of a growing firm, Butler Lumber has seen increases in both the inventory and receivable accounts. This makes sense because the more customers Mr. Butler has, the more inventory he needs to have on hand and given his somewhat lackadaisical approach on payment collection, the amount of receivables is expected as well. This could be an issue for the firm, but if Mr. Butler has a strategy to fund operations until they are able to generate more cash, it will not break the firm. As inventory and receivables grow, an area to hone in on is whether or not these accounts are being turned over in a timely, progressive manner. As seen in the â€Å"Asset Utilization Analysis† table, the ratios for both receivable and inventory indicate that it is taking a longer period of time to collect money and a is holding on to inventory for much longer (nearly 15% and 10% longer, respectively). It is clear that Butler Lumber is not maximizing operational efficiency and will accrue extra costs as a result. -How much additional funding does Butler Lumber need, and will the firm continue to need even more in the future? After analyzing and projecting Butler Lumber’s 1991 Pro Forma Balance Sheet, we have decided to separate the projections when considering the current payable policy and also considering discounts. We have concluded that Butler Lumber will need additional funding of $409,000 under the current payables policy, and including purchase discounts, they will need $658,000 (seen in Exhibit 1). These figures indicate exactly how Mr. Butler has been operating, relying on specific payment terms with his suppliers and customers. Mr. Butler is using his accounts payable as a sort of leverage (funding) while he searches for external financing, which is quantitatively laid out in Exhibit 4. So the question becomes whether Mr. Butler should take advantage of the 2% purchase discount or continue to rely on the suppliers payment flexibility. The pro-forma analysis we generated is based on recent percent of sales from the years 1988-1990. -What sort of implications does the firm’s growth suggest? NEED SOMETHING ABOUT HOW THE SALES GROWTH OVERSHOOTS THE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH -Are there Alternative solutions to Butler Lumber’s cash shortage problems? If Mr. Butler does not or cannot obtain the loan through Northrop National bank, an alternative option is Recourse Factoring. Recourse Factoring is the selling off of Accounts receivables where the selling company is still responsible in the event of receivable default. A factor company purchases receivables from other companies and provides the necessary capital for a small fee. This can be very beneficial for companies experiencing problems with cash flows. This could be a potential option for Butler Lumber because they have slow paying clients and an extensive cash shortage problem. Butler’s Receivable turnover has decreased from 9.92 in 1988 to 8.5 in 1991 indicating it is taking longer to recover much needed cash. If Butler was able to factor away their receivables they would have more working capital, a flexible funding program that will increase only as their sales increase and also would help Butler take advantage of purchase discounts. If Butler found a Factoring company to take on 75% of their receivables , $317,000 cash would be freed up and eliminate the need for Additional funding. Even if Butler paid a small 2% factoring fee they would still easily be able to maintain their rapid rate of growth with the current $250,000 of funding through Suburban National Bank. Recommendation: Given the analysis of the firm, in order for the firm to continue it will need external financing. The recommendation that we give to Mr. Butler is that he accepts the LOC from Northrop National Bank, but only if the loan does not include any negative covenants such as restrictions on: the sale of assets, engaging in other businesses, and voluntary prepayment of other indebtedness. This financing is needed because the expected sales growth exceeds the firm’s sustainable growth rate and leads to a negative cash flow because of the trends Mr. Butler has displayed regarding his payables and receivables.

Case Study Supply Chain Management - 3530 Words

DIRECTV’S SUPPLY CHAIN Justin Lockett Florida Institute of Technology 4/20/2015 Introduction Supply chain management has become one of the core business practices for any organization in this contemporary business environment. The significance of effective supply chain management has increased over a period of time for cable and satellite service providers with objectives such as saving costs, reducing the manual efforts created by process changes, streamlining the information availability, and increasing the supply chain velocity time. Since the digital television market is becoming more heavily saturated, the need for organizations to develop new business model that enhance the agility of the supply chain has significantly†¦show more content†¦In 2004, Howard Hughes, the founder of the organization, has announced his intent to focus majorly on the satellite television service provision and rolled it out as a separate entity that provide satellite services to the household customers. DIRECTV has employed approximately 27,000 employees with net income of $2,859 mill ion in 2013 (DIRECTV, 2013). Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management is a process of streamlining the supply-side activities in order to order to take control over production, shipment and distribution (Cooper et al, 1997). An impeccable supply chain management process should enhance the quality of the production environment and help the organization to gain the competitive advantage. The supply chain management, in a nut shell, looks after the flow of goods within the organization. The flow normally refers to the movement of raw materials from storage area to work-in-progress area to inventory of the finished goods to distribution to the inter-linked networks that reach the end customers. The effective supply chain management would help the organization to reduce the ownership of the raw materials and distribution channels and to enhance the trust and collaboration with the supply chain partners. The globalization, information technology and outsourcing practices have been helping the organizations to successfully operate sup ply chain networks with the help of the technology

A Group Meeting At 10 15 At The Church Of The Resurrection

Group Description: The CODA, Codependents Anonymous group meeting I attended meets every Saturday at 10:15 at the Church of the Resurrection in Tempe. This self-help group is open and homogeneous. It is for women only, is in one of the church’s classrooms, and has a couple rectangular tables and chairs to place as needed for the group size. The date I attended, March 26th there were eleven other women, all Caucasian, ages approximately from early twenties to early sixties. Occupations and status were not discussed. The meeting is absent of a specific leader; instead members are encouraged to take turns rotating who facilitate the meeting. I received permission through this group through a longtime friend and former coworker that has been a member for five years. I met with my friend March 25th ahead of time to explain what my assignment entailed and whether it would be all right to attend the meeting. She made sure I knew not to mention names in my report, not to bring in note taking materials and that when they asked me to share I could just say â€Å"thank you for this opportunity, I am happy to be here, I am just listening today.† Through the anonymity of the twelve step traditions one is not obligated to openly identify myself during the meeting, in addition there is not a hierarchy of the group, and new members are welcome and able to observe at any time. The meeting lasted approximately an hour and a half; time ranges depending on how member attendance. Facilitators:Show MoreRelatedA Group Meeting At 10 : 15 At The Church Of The Resurrection2273 Words   |  10 Pagesgroup Description: The CODA, Codependents Anonymous group meeting I attended meets every Saturday at 10:15 at the Church of the Resurrection in Tempe. This self-help group is open and homogeneous. 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In Isaiah 10:12-19, Assyria is depicted as a mighty forest and the judgment of God is A Group Meeting At 10 15 At The Church Of The Resurrection group Description: The CODA, Codependents Anonymous group meeting I attended meets every Saturday at 10:15 at the Church of the Resurrection in Tempe. This self-help group is open and homogeneous. It is for women only, is in one of the church’s small classrooms, and has a couple rectangular tables and chairs to place as needed for the group size. The date I attended, March 26th there were eleven other women, all Caucasian, ages approximately from early twenties to early sixties. Occupations and status were not discussed. The meeting does not have a specific leader; instead members are encouraged to take turns rotating who facilitate the meeting. I received permission through this group through a longtime friend and former coworker that†¦show more content†¦The goal is to have every person facilitate at least one meeting and in doing so not take a leadership role but to keep the other members on task and within guidelines of the rules of CODA. The particular facilitator on March 26th did discuss her career as being something in administration and that she had recently been laid off. She did not offer any information on her training or education; instead she discussed her recent revelations with codependency, how she has grown from it, and what the meeting meant for her. She then allowed every member to have five minutes to do the same. This particular leader was calm, nice, welcoming, smiled, allowed everyone time to speak, and used a timer; but let members finish if their time was up, she did not have to intervene at any point. â€Å"Typically, they are directed by nonprofessional leaders who empower themselves or one of their members to facilitate the group. Some self-help groups are inner focused and work to provide each other mutual support around issues† (Maguire, 2002, p.125). The facilitator for the day asks if others want to read over the rules and if nobody volunteers she does. The rules include: no cross talk, limiting interruptions, if you need to answer a call or leave then do so quietly, and making this meeting your own journey, not others, and time to reflect on yourself not offer help to others. The meeting does not pause for anyone or