The Effects of War

For almost 50 years, the world war was one of the most talked about destruction of war. The wars break out for various reasons. There are world wars in the world, and they made every countries became the fighting area. Whenever, wars have happened there are always destruction everywhere and destroyed everything in each country by dropping bombs and using powerful explosive weapons. The most effects of war is that people are died, destroyed the infrastructure, economic, and separated from families. War killed many people. As a result of ending of the World War I, an estimated 10 million soldiers were killed.â€Å"Those averages about 6,500 deaths a day, every day. Plus, millions of civilians were also killed,† according to www. history1900s. about. com/od/world-war-I. html. World War I was especially remembered for its slaughter for it was one of the bloodiest wars in history. Moreover, World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history. â€Å"Over 60 million people w ere killed, which was over 2. 5% of the world population,† according to www. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/world_war_II. After the war, it always left many problems to the people and society. The main point is the separate of families and cause three major points.First, it has many widows so it is very difficult for all widows to try hard to live without helping from other people. Second, the war left many orphans and all of the orphans faced many bad situations such as feel lonely and lack of love from parents. Moreover, orphans could not go to school and could not get knowledge that why they became illiterate person. Third, the war left many people lost their relative became during the war some relative were separate and some were death. By this problems, some people live without knowing that their relatives were dead or still alive as a result it make them lived with unhappy and lonely also.Another factor that war effected, was infrastructure. Ask you that infrastructure is so im portant things include building, roads, bridges, and so on. But after the war everything was gone, many buildings such as industries buildings, houses, hospital, schools were collapsed and also most of the roads were damaged by weapon that used during the war. So the war is really effected to infrastructure as mention above. A somewhat different effect of War has made the deficient economic. Particularly, the war always destroy everything not only the infrastructure, but also the cause many bankrupt companies.Many large companies and small companies could be bankrupt of the war; especially, there is no foreign investor will invest in your country anymore. As the result of bankrupt, it will increase the unemployment and make less productive which cause the inflation that all the products are high price. For example, â€Å"In France during the World War II, the currencies of France are worthless mean that you needed 726, 000, 000 francs to buy what you’d been able to get for o nly 1 franc in 1918,† according to the book of lecture Seng Tith at National Institute of Business.As the result, the war cause the economic fell down that made difficulty for people to live. In conclusion, the effects of war destroyed many things for countries such as: the death of people, destroyed infrastructure, affected of economy, and people separated from their families. Because of the effected of war, people lived hardly and badly that they feel hurt after the war. War is never good for each country all over the world and for citizens as well. The Effects of War For almost 50 years, the world war was one of the most talked about destruction of war. The wars break out for various reasons. There are world wars in the world, and they made every countries became the fighting area. Whenever, wars have happened there are always destruction everywhere and destroyed everything in each country by dropping bombs and using powerful explosive weapons. The most effects of war is that people are died, destroyed the infrastructure, economic, and separated from families. War killed many people. As a result of ending of the World War I, an estimated 10 million soldiers were killed.â€Å"Those averages about 6,500 deaths a day, every day. Plus, millions of civilians were also killed,† according to www. history1900s. about. com/od/world-war-I. html. World War I was especially remembered for its slaughter for it was one of the bloodiest wars in history. Moreover, World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history. â€Å"Over 60 million people w ere killed, which was over 2. 5% of the world population,† according to www. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/world_war_II. After the war, it always left many problems to the people and society. The main point is the separate of families and cause three major points.First, it has many widows so it is very difficult for all widows to try hard to live without helping from other people. Second, the war left many orphans and all of the orphans faced many bad situations such as feel lonely and lack of love from parents. Moreover, orphans could not go to school and could not get knowledge that why they became illiterate person. Third, the war left many people lost their relative became during the war some relative were separate and some were death. By this problems, some people live without knowing that their relatives were dead or still alive as a result it make them lived with unhappy and lonely also.Another factor that war effected, was infrastructure. Ask you that infrastructure is so im portant things include building, roads, bridges, and so on. But after the war everything was gone, many buildings such as industries buildings, houses, hospital, schools were collapsed and also most of the roads were damaged by weapon that used during the war. So the war is really effected to infrastructure as mention above. A somewhat different effect of War has made the deficient economic. Particularly, the war always destroy everything not only the infrastructure, but also the cause many bankrupt companies.Many large companies and small companies could be bankrupt of the war; especially, there is no foreign investor will invest in your country anymore. As the result of bankrupt, it will increase the unemployment and make less productive which cause the inflation that all the products are high price. For example, â€Å"In France during the World War II, the currencies of France are worthless mean that you needed 726, 000, 000 francs to buy what you’d been able to get for o nly 1 franc in 1918,† according to the book of lecture Seng Tith at National Institute of Business.As the result, the war cause the economic fell down that made difficulty for people to live. In conclusion, the effects of war destroyed many things for countries such as: the death of people, destroyed infrastructure, affected of economy, and people separated from their families. Because of the effected of war, people lived hardly and badly that they feel hurt after the war. War is never good for each country all over the world and for citizens as well.

K-19 Disaster

Leadership is the process in which an individual influences the group of individuals to attain a common goal. Good leadership ensures that the goal is attained by mutual cooperation and cohesive behavior. An effective leader infuses a sense of positivist and efficiently directs others to reach the specified goal.The captain in the movie placed too much emphasis on power. A captain who attempts to control circumstances with power most often becomes authoritarian in his expression which can lead to dissent among subordinates. On the other hand, a captain who communicates effectively and collaborates with all team members is often respected and becomes more successful. In K- 10, the co-captain was an antithesis to the actual captain. The stark contrast between the two men's leadership styles conveyed a message about the relative effectiveness of each one.The crew embers were more loyal to the co-captain because he worked as a team to reach a goal Instead of ordering his subordinates ar ound. When disaster struck the crew was more apt to follow orders from the authority figure who worked with them as a team because they trusted him to care for their well-being. The only way to efficiently govern a large number of people is to instill a sense of trust. Those who abuse their power will not be trusted and thus will not become effective leaders. During war time people tend to experience and strong sense of nationalism.A citizen of Russia n the movie would feel patriotism for his own country starting at a very early age. It's a socio-cultural phenomenon that has been examined for ages. Many social psychologists believe that the patriotism is derived from the innate human desire to belong. Therefore, when Russian begins to experience military tensions during the onset of WWW, many citizens felt the need to defend and protect not only the country's honor, but their own as well. This explains why it was so hard for the captain to abandon the mission that his government had assigned him to.He felt that it was only right to risk his life defending his country and his own reputation, When technology advances rapidly, there is often a discrepancy between the capabilities of technology and the capabilities of the people in charge of said technology. Examples of such discrepancies can be found throughout all time periods. During the industrial revolution, for example, the technology allowed for mass production of goods, but the society of the time did not have regulations in place to successfully prepare workers for the hazardous conditions. As a result many lives were tragically lost.During WWW, Germany was beginning to use planes In the war. However, the first airplane had been flown Just over a decade earlier and the technology was still in its Infancy. Consequently, the average life span of a fighter pilot In WWW was only two weeks. When watching K-19 it is quite easy to understand why such a disaster could occur. The government at the time was despera te to have the cutting-edge technology, but did not have time to properly train those who would be working with the equipment. In today's society our technology Is once again advancing at a 1 OFF startling rate.As social medial becomes more prominent, minors are more expos to the adult world and the dangers that accompany it. We must be careful, as a society, to guard against technology being controlled by those who don't know how to properly utilize it. The movie was a powerful, reality based drama that causes viewers to consider the effects of nuclear power and the dangers of radiation. However, it also has underlying tones that speak to the very nature of humans. Leadership skills, nationalism, and technological innovation continue to be pressing issues in society throughout the ages.

A Great American Dream

Big American dream in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby and Babylon Revisited, both by F. Scott Fitzgerald, are stories about the emptiness and recklessness of the 1920s. Each story has its distinctions, but Fitzgeralds condemnation of the decade reverberates through both. Fitzgerald explores and displays insufficiencies of the vacuous period, and does so with sharp clarity and depth, leaving no crude, barbarous habit to imagination. Fitzgerald had a deep and personal affliction with the 1920s (most notably in the Eastern United States), and in both The Great Gatsby and Babylon Revisited, he hones his conflicts into a furious condemnation. The 1920s were a period of sloth, habitual sin, exhausted illustriousness, and moral despondency; the black mark of a society and world usually tilted more toward attempted civility. Fitzgerald conveys this theme through the use of character, symbolism, and wasteland imagery. First, Fitzgerald uses characters to personify the vast recklessness of the generation. The characters in both are incomprehensibly selfish and carefree, though more noticeably in The Great Gatsby. Tom Buchanan, for instance, is almost flippant in acknowledging his affair with Jordan Baker, a local miscreant golf pro. Tom leaves Nick, Daisy, and Jordan at the dinner table to take a call from her. An exchange between Nick Carraway and Jordan while Tom is gone illuminates the situation. Is something happening (Fitzgerald, Gatsby 19), says Nick. To which Jordan Baker replies, I thought everybody knew. Why- Toms got some woman in New York' (Fitzgerald, Gatsby 19). Tom Buchanan has an acknowledged mistress in New York, and he politely and confidently leaves the dinner table to speak with her. He is the absolute personification of the reckless actions and attitudes that characterize the era. Duncan Shchaeffer and Lorraine Qualles, appearing briefly in Babylon Revisited, also represent reck less and selfish behavior. They burst in to a private meeting at the Peters residence just as Charlie is coercing Lincoln and Marion in to granting him custody of his child. Fitzgerald describes their behavior: They were gay, they were hilarious, they were roaring with laughter. They slid down another cascade of laughter (Fitzgerald, Babylon 385). This after bursting in to the house of a stranger. They are drunk, juvenile, reprehensible in behavior, and acting more like children than adults. Fitzgerald asserts, however, that their actions characterize the generation of lost souls, and these characters are only used to articulate his condemnation of it. Secondly, Fitzgerald uses symbolism to convey a feeling of futility and hopelessness throughout the novel and short story. Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, especially, symbolizes the distorted perceptions and priorities of the decade. Eckleburg watches over the gray ash-heap near Mr. Wilsons garage with what Wilson thinks an all-knowing eye. Wilson has an unusual reverence to Dr. Eckleburg: he considers him God. In a conversation between Wilson and Michaelis, Wilson discusses a conversation he had previously with Mrs. Wilson just before she died: I spoke to her [about her affair with Tom Buchanan]. I told her she might fool me but she couldnt fool God. I took her to the window With and effort he got up and walked the rear window and leaned with his face pressed against it, and I said God knows what youve been doing, everything youve been doing. You may fool me but you cant fool God. Standing behind him Michaelis saw with a shock that he was looking at they eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. (Fitzgerald, Gatsby 167)Wilson is hopeless and disillusioned, and his connection to Dr. Eckleburg exemplifies the widespread futility of the era. Lastly, Fitzgerald uses wasteland imagery to show how society circa 1920 was dysfunctional and reckless. The apartment of Myrtle Wilsons relation, where Tom and Myrtle usually conduct their affair, is the perfect example of this. Fitzgerald describes the scene at the apartment: The apartment was on the top floora small living room, a small diningroom, a small bedroom and a bath. The living room was crowded to the doors with a set of tapestried furniture entirely too large for it so that to move about was to stumble continually over scenes of ladies swinging in the gardens of Versailles. Several old copies of Town Tattle lay on the table together with a copy of Simon Called Peter and some of the small scandal magazines of Broadway. (Fitzgerald, Gatsby 33)The apartments amenities are showy and overdone, and somehow seem more representative of conformity than affluence. The whole generation is caught up in the times, an unthinking, unknowing mob of followers, riding the unenviable wave of recklessness2E The apartment is empty, devoid of any substance at all, a perfect example of the wasteland image. It is where forbidden lovers meet to flirt and cackle, and where people get drunk for only the second time in their life, where people smoke, drink, and live reckl essly together, and the only place where none of it matters: the wasteland. The 1920s were an era of lost personality. The people were caught up in the teaming exuberance, riding the inertia or recklessness further in to itself. Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and Babylon Revisited are fitting and definitive condemnations of the irrational time, and critics are right in deeming them so. Fitzgerald, too, is right: The 1920s were wasted years, and fit for condemnation.

Personal Qualities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Qualities - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that from the time the reporter   was allowed to skip 8th grade, he discerned that the greatest element of education is success. He also learned that the reporter can do anything so long as he set his mind well. Currently, he can affirm that he is ever determined in everything the reporter does. He has also grown to be exceptionally open-minded and non-judgmental. One of the factors that contributed to this is his schooling in a private school. Attending a private school up until seventh grade exposed him to stereotypical judgments. Some students referred me as a pretentious diva living an opulent lifestyle which is often revealed by her designer clothes and expensive handbags. However, this was a false accusation. Torn between two households, a fortune holder father and a poor mother, he could probably not afford such a lifestyle. As a result of their divorce, his parents shared custody with his dad paying for his education.As the discussion highlights the author can associate his childhood spoilage with growing up in a gated community. He associated himself with kids who not only grew up with money, but also showed no appreciation for what they had. The situation was changed however by the fall of his mother’s relationship with her second husband. Being robbed off all her money by her second husband who ran away to Vietnam, him together with his mom was forced to move into an apartment. The switching of houses led to him shifting from private school to public school.

Connected the Education in Technology essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Connected the Education in Technology - Essay Example This revealed that the technological changes are taking place at a faster rate compared to the previous years and its integration in to the education system is something that cannot be delayed or postponed. This because integrating technology into the educational system has a number of advantages including providing access to more information sources, makes it relative easier to supervise learning processes and results in reduced costs when compared against traditional forms of education. The main aim of writing the essay was to explain the manner in which technology should be integrated into education and the advantages that this can provide for educational processes. The essay mainly dwelled on the advantages and benefits that are associated with integrating technology into educational processes. Some of the advantages that were identified in the essay included the fact that it can lead to reduction in costs, it can result in changes and new patterns for library services and the fact that it can result in change in vision and awareness of users of the system among other benefits. Additionally, the essay also mentioned some of the ways through which technology can be integrated in to the educational system and the ramifications for students after when they enter the job market after going through the education system. On the other hand, there are also some views of people who do not consider technology to be beneficial to education that are also included in this ess ay. Even though there are clear advantages to integrating technology in educational practices, the views developed by the critics are also compelling since they explain explicitly the manner in which they fail to be beneficial. The Ethical Reasoning: Technology in Education was intended for a complex audience that included college students as well as college professors as it dwelled with the ethical quandary of technology in regards to education and future career preparation.

The Purpose of Dantes Inferno Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Purpose of Dantes Inferno - Essay Example For instance, Dante tried to describe for the reader the overview and the fantastic terrors of hell and with it, he was outlining seven sins wherein: the first circle was limbo); second circle was lust, third circle was gluttony; fourth circle was avarice and prodigality; fifth circle was wrath and sullenness; sixth circle was heresy; seventh circle was violence; eight circle was fraud; and, the ninth circle, treachery). Each description of the circles of hell represented how a specific sin consumes man. The case of the second circle (lust) is a case in point. Those souls being punished in this area were being blown about by the ferocious winds – back and forth, symbolizing the overpowering influence of lust in men who, like the wind are blown aimlessly and needlessly. The only person allowed to speak here was Francesca (an allegory for Eve), who first testified the sheer pain of the punishment when she said: â€Å"There is no greater woe than to remember days of happiness amid affliction† (48). Then, there was Dante himself who represented man as he was being presented with choices – either to sin or to reject it. He was first seen in Canto I lost in the woods and unable to find the right way (diritta via). He had a realization of his predicament and accepted the help of a guide, the poet Virgil even when it meant going another way, leaving a wasteful life behind, and passing through an eternal place with fantastic peril. Here Dante was like all men who must choose his way to salvation or damnation. In this area, another symbolism emerged to depict man’s faculty in his journey through sin, the poet Virgil. Virgil led Dante on a tour through Hell and this represented not just what the character immediately represented as poet, but as a guide, which immediately brings the reader to the element of the human reason. Dante,

Management Information Systems in Cross-Border Shipment Term Paper

Management Information Systems in Cross-Border Shipment - Term Paper Example e in trade in areas where crossing borders is relatively easy and where products are significantly cheaper in one place than another, often because of significant variations in taxation levels on goods. When you talk to a person living in the U.S., they only think of cross-border shipping is between U.S. to Mexico or Canada, in reality that is not the sole case. It actually consists of international flows of trade to other countries. Through all of these transactions across foreign borders there have been regulations on trade to govern both parties involved, basically making it an even playing field. When moving shipments into and out of Canada, what you dont know can hurt you. Specialized logistics providers can help you capitalize on opportunities, ensure compliance, and keep you safe from harm. Canada is currently the United States largest trading partner, with $616 billion in total goods moving between the two countries during 2012, according to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (Inbound Logistics 2013). But crossing even a peaceful border such as the one between the United States and Canada is growing more complex as regulations mount—some call it the "thickening" of the border (Inbound Logistics 2013). That complexity has many U.S. shippers turning to third-party logistics (3PL) providers, carriers, and customs brokers with the experience and infrastructure to make moving goods into, out of, and within Canada as seamless as possible. Teaming with an expert staff goes a long way in ensuring importers and exporters follow the correct regulations, file the ri ght paperwork, meet deadlines, and entrust cargo to a compliant carrier (Inbound Logistics 2013). Shippers must complete all this preparation at least two hours before a truck arrives at the port or face costly delays and risk extra steps that promise to stall shipments even longer. Efficient border crossing is all about working in advance. Having broken down the issues surrounding the

Analyze the effect of the management accounting practice that you Essay

Analyze the effect of the management accounting practice that you identified on the firms activities and financial performance - Essay Example In this accounting practice, raw materials and the finished products are at minimum. A firm that adopts this practice applies total direct labor to overhead. Moreover, continuous production, high-quality product, minimum labor utilization, and batch size, flexible and effective systems characterize just-in-time accounting practice. The practice is very popular and effective in the manufacturing industry (Investopedia, LLC 1). Just-in-time accounting practice has both positive and negative impacts on firm’s activities and financial performance. The practice reduces inventory costs but firms incur costs in inventory management. The firm can invest its savings derived from inventory costs in other ventures that will boost the firm’s growth and development in the accounting and finance sector (Kokemuller 1). A firm experiences continuous development and growth in its production process. Just-in-time accounting practice enhances quality in a company. For a firm to succeed in its production process with minimum costs, it must focus on quality. After customers order their goods and get receipts, a firm that adopts this accounting practice investigates any case of defective goods in a given sample size. In case the number of defects is more than a given range, the whole sample size is not accepted to maintain quality. In a just-in-time accounting practice, a firm should buy raw materials from a spe cific supplier and not several suppliers that promotes confidence in their suppliers and ensures that what they offer is of good quality. Just-in-time accounting practice aims at improving the productivity of a firm. The system eliminates any equipment that is not operating in the firm or the production process. The firm reduces waste by promoting the conversion of all the raw materials into finished products. A reduction in inventory errors minimizes reworks and time wastage that enhances efficiency. Low

Contemporary literature suggests that effective team working is Essay

Contemporary literature suggests that effective team working is essential for group efficiency and performance. By evaluating t - Essay Example How teams manage conflict and diversity can also improve decision-making, and consequently, innovation and team performance (Lira et al. 2008; Kauffeld & Meyers 2009). Furthermore, contemporary literature proposes that effective team working is essential for group efficiency and performance. Numerous arguments have been made to describe and explain team effectiveness. For instance, both sociotechnical theory (Pasmore 1988 qtd. in Delarue et al. 2008, p.27) and work design theory (Hackman & Oldham 1976 qtd. in Delarue et al. 2008, p.27) focuses on the design of the group’s task and its relationship to positive results; self-leadership theory has determined that supervisory behaviours help self-managing teams attain success (Manz and Sims 1987 qtd. in Delarue et al. 2008, p.127); and theories of participative management assert that some factors of the organisational context lead to team effectiveness (Huber & Lewis 2010; Jehn et al. 2010). However, theoretical arguments about gr oup effectiveness and group efficiency are not adequate. There should be additional studies on how they can be achieved and preserved. By evaluating this contemporary literature, how can this ‘group efficiency’ and ‘group performance’ be gained and subsequently maintained?† This paper examines the strategies and factors that can achieve and maintain ‘group efficiency’ and ‘group performance.’ Group efficiency Group efficiency refers to the efficiency in attaining group goals (Delarue et al. 2008, p.129). Also, for this paper, although groups and teams can be conceptually different, wherein groups are not always considered as teams, teams and groups will be used interchangeably. Groups will refer to teams also that are made to attain team objectives that can differ according to organisational needs or strategies. Findings showed that factors affecting group efficiency also impact group performance (Delarue et al. 2008; Liu & B att 2010). This research discusses these factors leading to group efficiency separately, but they can also directly or indirectly impact group performance. By indirect relationship, this suggests how certain factors can mediate team performance, such as what Human resource management (HRM) practices can do in influencing group efficiency and group performance (Chuang & Liao 2010; Tsai et al. 2010). Leadership and management Supervisors, acting as organisational leaders, can impact group efficiency and group performance. HR literature has determined three dimensions of the HR system that develop performance: investment in training, work designed to permit employees to interact and develop their skills and problem-solving abilities, and incentives to inspire effort (Chuang & Liao 2010; Tsai et al. 2010; Liu & Batt 2010). Liu and Batt (2010) examined the role of supervisors in enhancing employee performance through employing coaching and group management practices. It studies also the individual and synergistic impacts of these management practices. The research subjects consist of call centre agents in highly standardised jobs, and the organizational context apply to that which calls, or task

Positive and Negative Consequences of the Legislation that Enables Essay

Positive and Negative Consequences of the Legislation that Enables Patients to Correct the Health Information in their Records - Essay Example As the study outlines the legalization that allows individuals to correct their EHR information has both positive and negative arguments. On the positive side, when individuals are able to correct their health records in the database, their physicians find it easy and quick to know and acquire their health progress. This is more advantageous in case the individuals get sick and reach levels where they cannot communicate verbally. Additionally, when individuals are able to change their health records, government will have easy time in data collection and gathering since about the nations’ health status since updated patient information will be readily available i.e. reduced delays in information retrieval. On the negative side, McGonigle and Mastrian notes that legalization of individual access to electronic health information might lead to fraud for personal benefits. For instance, if an individual will not get a job due to their health status, they may change it electronicall y to get the job opportunity nevertheless. Nonetheless, the legalization inhibits the demand for health records’ security since patients can change their records to suit their needs.

Outline the objectives of economic management and analyse the role of fiscal policy Essay Example for Free

Outline the objectives of economic management and analyse the role of fiscal policy Essay The Australian Government targets economic objectives that may provide equality and higher living standards throughout the country. For these benefits to reach Australian households, the Australia government has to overcome objectives such as economic growth, distribution of income, and external stability. To do so, the government uses the fiscal policy in order to influence the amount of government expenditure and revenue which can alter economic activity. The government’s fiscal strategy aims to ensure fiscal sustainability over the medium term; therefore the government is responsible for meeting its current and future spending commitments with revenue raised. Australia has had a low historical use of fiscal policy during the 1990s, however since the Global Financial Crisis; fiscal policy has been a powerful tool in maintaining Australia’s economy. Fiscal policy has a large influence over economic activity, through using the expansionary fiscal stance which involves a net increase in government spending, or a fall in taxation revenue. However, this was not the case during the period 1996-2007 as fiscal policy had a smaller role to play in the economy. As the Howard Government came into office, the stance of fiscal policy was largely contractionary. A contractionary stance occurs when government spending is reduced. An example of this stance is when the Howard Government was committed to achieving a balanced budget over the course of the economic cycle, as fiscal policy was tightened in 1996-97, 1998-99, resulting in a surplus of $1171 million. This meant that fiscal policy was generally not a major role in influencing the business cycle, instead monetary policy had the central role in maintaining economic activity. Although fiscal policy was not greatly used from the mid-1990s to 2007, it has had a large impact on recessions. As the Global Financial Crisis hit Australia, the fiscal policy was introduced in order to increase the level of economic activity, instead of letting Australia plunge into a recession. The impact of the GFC dramatically changed the budget balance, through a decline in government taxation revenue and an increase in discretionary government spending. This led to the movement from a cash surplus of $19. 7 billion in 2007-08 to a cash deficit of -$27 billion in 2009-10. Economic growth decreased to 1. 4% of GDP, which gave the government the incentive to introduce the fiscal stimulus, while the Rudd Government used an expansionary fiscal stance to support aggregate demand. The stimulus package involved a $77 billion package, with a $42 billion Nation building plan and Jobs Plan in the 2009 budget to support infrastructure and investment and the Economic Security Strategy package of $10 billion in spending on cash transfers to low and middle income households. The result of expansionary fiscal policy helped Australia avoid a recession, as these stimulus measures were estimated to boost Australia’s economic growth by 2. 75% of GDP in 2009-10. In addition, fiscal policy can influence the objective of inequality in income distribution. The government is committed into try to use a progressive taxation system which will provide a fairer distribution of income. The progressive taxation system is when higher income earners pay a larger proportion of tax compared to low income earner, leading to a redistribution of income to low income earners. An example of the progressive tax system can be seen in the ‘personal income tax thresholds’, where the highest income bracket of $180,001 and over has an effective tax rate of 30. 3-44. 9%. However, the structure of the progressive system of personal income tax changed when the Gillard Government announced it would increase the tax-free threshold to $18,200 on 1st July 2012 as part of the Clean Energy Future Package from the carbon tax and will rise again to $19,400 the following year. This threshold bracket changed from the previous 2009 and 2010 Personal Income tax threshold as all taxpayers where given a tax free threshold of $6000. Between 1996 and 2008, the Federal Government used fiscal policy in order to maintain external stability. External stability is an aim of government policy that seeks to promote sustainability on external accounts so that Australia can service its foreign liabilities in the medium to long run. External stability can be managed by the government achieving fiscal consolidation, which is running a budget surplus over the course of the business cycle. One of the main ways to run a budget surplus is to eliminate public debt, which in turn can help reduce the part of net foreign debt owned by the Australian Government. For instance, when the Howard Government was in power, there was a series of consecutive surplus budgets to retire a significant amount of public debt. From 1996-2007 the stance of fiscal policy was largely contractionary, since the Howard Government was committed to achieving a balanced budget over the course of the business cycle. It was tightened throughout the years of 1996-1999, and thereby, eliminated Commonwealth general government debt from the peak of $96 million (17. 6% of GDP) in 1996-97 to -0. 5% of GDP by 2005-06. This in turn increased Australia’s national savings and resulted in low net foreign debts. Subsequently, the fiscal policy has an effective role in achieving the economic objectives of economic growth during downturn economic activity, equal distribution of income and maintaining external stability. Australia was successful in using fiscal policy to avoid recession in 2009, when it implemented one of the largest fiscal stimulus packages in its history, as well as changes to the personal income threshold that gave a more equal distribution of income to lower income earners. By aiming to achieve fiscal surplus the Australian economy can achieve its economy objectives rapidly.

Human skin color Essay Example for Free

Human skin color Essay â€Å"Virtue, then, is a state that decides, consisting in a mean, the mean relative to us, which is defined by reference to reason, that is to say, to the reason by reference to which the prudent person would define it. It is a mean between two vices, one of excess and one of deficiency† Aristotle’s definition of Virtue of Character but what is it really saying. Let us define it with the Socratic Definition per genus et differentia. Let us break it into the three parts genus, species and the differentiating factor (differentia). The genus or general topic would be virtue of character, the species or the specific area of virtue of character would be the mean between the two vices excess and deficiency, lastly is the differentiating factor or what makes the species different from other forms of it which would be the situation and how individual people can reason out different outcomes from what is required from them. Virtue is an activity of the human soul and has two parts virtue of character and virtue of intellect. Virtue of intellect is wisdom and knowledge an example would be studying at school. Virtue of character is learned by action and practice an example would be learning that cheating on tests is bad and knowing not to attempt it. Reasoning out where we stand in a particular situation is not related to knowledge or studying but rather repeated application of acts so Aristotle’s is stating acts of character not of intellect. Nothing can be to good, have to little and you have deficiency have too much and it’s excess. The mean is the middle ground between too much and too little. This mean varies on person to person. An example would be too much sun. Take a 2 people one with a fair skin tone and one with a dark skin tone. The mean amount of sun for the dark skin tone would be excess to the fair skinned person and possibly give them sunburn. Give the dark toned person the mean amount of sun required by the fair toned person and you have deficiency and could led to lack of vitamin E. But it’s up to the individual to regulate between the two through trial and error.

Computer Assisted Instruction in Education Essay

Computer Assisted Instruction in Education Essay INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In recent years, due to advancement of computer technology, the concept of Computer Assisted Instruction is now more prevalent, and has become a trend (Yang Wang, 2001). Electronic learning popularly referred to as e-learning is increasingly becoming acceptable in tertiary institutions all over the world. This is as a result of the opportunity provided by higher institutions and more students taking part in it (OECD, 2005). Digital learning is basically the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enhance and support learning teaching and research (Eteng Ntui, 2009). With digital learning, there is a shift from the traditional approach of teacher-directed didactic to modern methods where computer technology plays an significant role, thereby improving the quality, efficiency and effectiveness of teaching, learning, research and educational management. Its methods including the integration of the World Wide Web, multimedia, information search, electronic libraries , and remote learning. In this digital age, teachers must deal with the challenge and developmental opportunities of how to appropriately use information technology and how to integrate various educational materials into course design and teaching methods (Rosenberg, 2001). The characteristics of digital learning is different from the characteristics of traditional classroom environment learning, and can improve upon some learning problems of students who are physically or mentally challenged, helping them to learn more effectively (Chen, 2003). It provides stimulation from different channels such as words, pictures, sounds, animation, and images, and can frequently help students use learning functions of different sensory organs, and achieve the learning targets of diverse wisdom (Li, 1998). In designing digital learning, scholars emphasize that learning ideals rather than computer technology should lead the design of a computerized learning environment (Chiou Chong, 1993; Yang W ang, 2001). The need for digital learning has now become important more than ever before as the objective of university education in Nigeria as defined in the National Policy on education (2000) includes the provision of high level manpower for national development and this is to be achieved through its programme of teaching, learning and research. Digital learning can help adults in developing their literacy and innumeracy skills, while also building Information Communication and Technology skills for life and work (CILIP, 2005). In spite of the bright prospect of digital learning in the country, it is so worrisome that there are some hurdles militating against the effective use of the educational technology in Nigeria. Folorunso, Ogunseye, Sharma (2006) and Resnick (2002) indicates that mass unawareness, low computer literacy level and cost were identified as critical factors affecting the acceptability of digital learning by students and lecturers of Nigerian universities. Sharma, Ekundayo, Ngige (2009) points out that digital learning place high demand on learners who have to be more proactive and disciplined than in traditional face-to-face education whereas this proactiveness and discipline is lacking. Various barriers to ICT use in Africa schools have been identified to include: poor infrastructure, epileptic power supply, lack of electricity, lack of trained personnel, poverty, inadequate funding and limited or no internet access (Aladejana, 2007; Jegede, 2005). STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM While there had been a giant attempt at integrating digital learning into instruction in other advanced countries, Nigeria is not yet fascinated by the potential of technology to enhance teaching and learning. Many of our schools are lagging behind in integrating technology into instruction. Teachers are apprehensive about improving and modifying instruction by incorporating the new technologies (Huckle, 1997). According to Salomon (1989), there are clear indications from many developing countries like Nigeria that the supply of relevant and appropriate software is a major bottleneck obstructing wider application and utilization of digital learning in Nigeria tertiary institutions. Schulmeister (2006) states that experience proved that the benefits of digital learning could not be fully taken advantage of, expectations could not be met and that technology often was used to simply reinforce outmoded approaches to learning. Resnick (2002) criticizes that even though Information Communi cation Technology is applied in education, the approaches to teaching and learning remain largely unchanged. There is therefore non-availability of internet access in some tertiary institutions because of the recurrent cost of bandwidth. Inequality of access to technology is the challenge of digital divide existing among the student in Nigeria tertiary institution (Omofaye, 2007). Thus, some of them are unable to afford computers due to the relative cost to the average income of workers in the country (Ajadi, Salawu, Adeoye, 2008). The cost of accessing the internet in Nigeria is still on the high side, some students find it a challenge to afford (Arikpo, Osofisan, Usoro, 2009) PURPOSE Based on the aforementioned research background and the statement of the problem, the purpose of this study is to explore the utilization and effect of digital learning on students in Lagos state Tertiary Institutions. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The following questions will guide this study: What is the level of awareness of students on the availability of Digital learning in Nigeria tertiary institution? What is the status of the utilization of digital learning? What are the challenges faced in the utilization of Digital learning on students? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study is significant in that it will provide information about the current status of utilization of modern technology in Nigerian secondary schools. It will also provide baseline data for future policy regarding technology training and the development of strategic plans aimed at encouraging technology-based innovation in teacher education programs. It is also hoped that this study will trigger off more research studies that will inform/encourage implementation of new technology in teacher education. This study will be useful to inform teachers on how use digital learning to teach students which will address the needs of students with different learning styles and motivation. It will offer great potential to transform and improve student learning, engagement and retention and support student success which will help institutional goals with potential benefits including improved retention and time savings for instructors. Average teachers will benefit as digital learning will help r each their excellent peers and take complex tasks off their to-do lists, enabling them to focus on the parts of teaching at which they can excel. Through technology, they can also obtain real-time data and advice about how to help each of their students succeed, saving time and improving performance. It will make it easy for teachers to personalize instruction, which many average teachers find difficult or impossible to achieve with whole classrooms of students with a wide array of needs. Also teachers will increasingly be able to teach more students in person as digital learning replaces portions of instruction in an individualized fashion and provides time-saving student data; reach students remotely via technology; and capture and share their performances and methods widely through video and smart software that individualizes learning. Even among excellent teachers, various people will thrive in different roles. By emphasizing the use of simulation games to teach mathematics, it is hoped that the study will lead to the improvement of mathematics teaching and learning in our secondary schools. The general poor performance of students in mathematics and their attitudes towards some aspects of the subject are expected to be better. With this study, the researcher aims at exposing the teachers and students to the importance of using simulation games to improve the teaching and learning of mathematics. Technology and digital learning can increase the ability to meet the needs of individual students. Whether through the availability of timely data or the ability to connect students with the content and activities that meet their learning styles and needs, technology and digital learning provide opportunities for teachers to personalize learning for more students at any given time. HYPOTHESES There is no significant difference between the challenges faced in the utilization of digital learning and students performance. There is no significant difference between the level awareness of students and availability of digital learning in tertiary Nigeria institutions. There is no significant difference between status and utilization of digital learning. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study will cover the teaching and learning activities in Lagos State Tertiary Institutions. CHAPTER TWO:  LITERATURE REVIEW DIGITAL LEARNING RESOURCES In this study, the term digital learning resources refers to learning premises and platforms that include technology enablers such as laptops, multimedia, CD-ROMs, and Internet resources. Digital learning resources can give students authentic as well as up-to-date information that is not necessarily available in textbooks. Generally, e-learning resources are useful as they represent a collection of cultural and scientific knowledge accumulated over the years (Yeo Tan, 2008). Moreover, this type of resource can be useful to students because it can foster their learning and their critical thinking, their ability to make connections between different concepts, and bridge the gap between their theoretical and practical knowledge (Palmer, 2007). Despite this, availability of resources does not lead to automatic learning improvement; in fact, productive use of resources can be difficult to achieve (Bera Liu, 2006). Technologies and Methods of Teaching There are evidences supporting the introduction and use of new technologies in instruction. The World Bank (2004) opined that ICTs should be considered within education for the purpose of reforming curriculum, reinforcing teaching/learning and to improve leaning. The UN Secretary of State (2005) speaking on the role of technology in education said we must ensure that Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are used to help unlock the doors of education. As a result, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) came up with this policy to co-operate with the private sector, to make available the benefits of new technologies, especially ICTs to increase educational opportunities and unlock the door of education. As a result of this, new technologies are being disseminated into educational institutions at a rapid rate. For the new technologies to be effectively utilized, teachers at all levels need not only to be proficient in the technologies but must also be well versed in its effect ive integration into their instruction. The major area Nigeria could meet this expectation is the teachers preparation in the methods class. It is in the methods class that the students can see their teachers modelling the use or lack of use of the technology. The use or lack of use of the new technologies may widely affect the students in future as regard whether to use them or not. CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL LEARNING The information on any subject which has been put on the web need to be transformed to knowledge at some stage for it to be made useful. As suggested by Mehdi (2004) it can be extremely easy and quick to transfer information from one place to another, it is often very difficult and slow to transfer knowledge from one person to another .There have been devised several methods to ease the process of conversion of information to knowledge, digital age has enabled swift transfer of information and now strives to produce faster ways to convert it to knowledge. Teresa John (2007) talked about the various evolutions in digital learning like word-processing, hypermedia, Computer-mediated Communications, New Literacy Studies, Digital Archives and Information Literacy. The best effective method for this conversion cant be defined as learning ability differs from person to person and different tools produce different results in individuals. We usually tend to divide these groups based on age, country or technical background. The various needs for direction of development in the field of digital learning have been felt since a long time. We cant expect every individual to respond in a similar manner to tools that are available for digital learning. Therefore different tools and teaching methods are required for different groups of people which can be implemented with the help of human computer interaction (HCI) as emphasized by Bee Laurel (2004). Another issue is the awareness to all new tools which can be helpful to a learner which can also be done with human computer interaction. Also a matter of concern is that there still exists a small population who is completely devoid of digital learning even if they can afford it. This is largely because of various myths and unawareness. As marked by Guerra, Alfonzo, Suarez, Hernandez Milan (2007) teaching aids have moved from blackboard to projector transparencies and then to video projectors and PowerPoint. The teachers are u sually not able to produce very effective multimedia or other forms of digital learning. This is quite obvious as we cant expect every teacher to be a multimedia expert. The Development of various tools was done so as to enable the learners to acquire he knowledge easily. Another issue is the capital required for the spreading awareness, conducting workshops, providing training and releasing new education tools and multimedia products for learning. PERCEPTION ON DIGITAL LEARNING To successfully create digital learning program, we need to ensure that value really is there and it is in concrete terms. That means we need to sell learners on the truthful proposition that participation will provide benefits worth the time and effort. The curriculum needs to be the point of reference for creating an effective digital learning. Doing so will stimulate vital motivation and give the program a chance to succeed (Allen, 2003). Bad digital learning perception may be due to lack of understanding, lack of communication, and lack of trust or conflicting agendas in appropriate use technology. Some goal coaching and awareness exercises are probably needed to strengthen peoples perception (Allen, 2003). It is important to realize that learners are both emotional and intellectual; and emotions have much effect on peoples perception and what they do. In some digital learning studies conducted in developing countries, it was found that lack of vision and framework in implementin g digital learning lead to a failure of these digital learning projects (Kizito Bijan, 2006; Pal, 2006). Lack of both technical and social skills required for implementation contributes to the failure of some projects. If learners cannot use adaptive tools they might feel ashamed and this affects perception. When learners feel ashamed and guilt it is because they are sent in environment in which they are not entirely pleased. The feeling will influence their study situation, as well as the whole learning process and this result in negative feedback, which may reduce concentration and motivation (Ostlund, 2005). Digital Learning Models Horn Staker (2011) offers this summary of various digital learning models: Face-to-Face Driver This approach retains teachers to deliver most of their curricula in a traditional brick-and-mortar school setting. The teacher deploys online learning on a case-by-case basis to supplement or re-mediate, often in the back of the classroom or in a technology lab.   Rotation   The common feature the rotation model is that students rotate between learning online in a one-to-one, self-paced environment and in a traditional classroom. The face-to-face teacher usually oversees the online work.   Flex   Programs with a flex model feature an online platform that delivers most of the curricula. Teachers provide on-site support on a flexible, as-needed basis through in-person tutoring sessions and small group sessions. Many dropout-recovery and credit recovery blended programs fit into this model.   Online Lab The online lab model relies on an online platform to deliver the entire course, but in a brick-and-mortar lab environment. Usually these programs provide online teachers. Paraprofessionals supervise, but offer little content expertise. Often, students who participate in an online lab program also take traditional courses.   Self-Blend The most common version of blended learning is the self-blend model, where students choose to take one or more courses online to supplement their traditional schools catalog. The online learning is always remote, which distinguishes it from the online lab model, but the traditional learning is in a brick and mortar school. All supplemental online schools that offer a la carte courses to individual students facilitate self-blending.   Online Driver   The online driver model involves an online platform and teacher that deliver all curricula. Students work remotely for the most part, Face-to-face check-ins may   be included. Some of these programs offer brick-and-mortar components as well, such as extracurricular activities. THE NEED FOR DIGITAL LEARNING IN NIGERIA TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS The world is advancing at a rapid rate. Events have moved to the electronic stage with the computer at the centre. This development has brought a lot of innovation and revolution into teaching and learning. The 3Rs (reading, writing and arithmetic) which forms the nucleus of the old system of education has witnessed series of literacy reforms. The world is now in the age of information technology or computers age; hence, there is a need to keep abreast of time. One of the ways of achieving this is through the introduction of computer education in our institutions of learning (Ajibade, 2006).

The Chosen :: essays research papers

Plot Summary of The Chosen The action of The Chosen unfolds in the immigrant community of Williamsburg, Brooklyn, against the backdrop of World War II. It is seen through the eyes of Reuven Malter, a boy who would appear to have much in common with Danny, for they are both brilliant, Jewish, closely tied to their fathers, and near-neighbors who live only five blocks apart. Still, they attend separate yeshivas and inhabit very different worlds. A baseball league is begun. When Danny Saunders’ school plays Reuven Malter’s, the Hasids are determined to show the apikorsim a thing or two and the competition is fierce. Danny’s murderous hitting is remarkable, but when Reuven comes to pitch he does not back away. A hard ball shatters his glasses and smashes into his eye, sending him to the hospital for a week. At his father’s insistence, Reuven permits the repentant Danny to visit him, and they become friends. Danny dazzles Reuven with demonstrations of his photographic mind, with the quantity of scholarly work he bears each day, and with the intellectual prowess of his English and Hebrew studies—qualities greatly revered in traditional Jewish culture. Danny’s revelations startle Reuven; he confesses he would rather be a psychologist than accept his inherited role as spiritual leader of his father’s sect. Reuven’s confessions surprise Danny; he reveals his desire to become a rabbi, though his scholar-father would prefer him to follow his talent and become a mathematician. Danny cannot understand how anyone would choose the very position he secretly wishes to reject. At a time when conflicts are churning within him, Danny finds Reuven as an empathetic listener who is highly intelligent yet safe—not a Hasid, but a Jew who follows orthodox religious traditions without rejecting the secular possibilities in the world around them. As the boys become friends, Reuven begins to learn about Hasidism. He learns that there are tzaddiks who were believed to be superhuman links between the people and God. In some sects it was believed that a leader should take upon himself the sufferings of the Jewish people. Such a leader is Reb Saunders. His ways and his teachings are the ways of seventeenth century Hasids and it is this role that Danny is expected to fill when he becomes the tzaddik. In the long initial visits that Reuven pays to Reb Saunder’s congregation to be approved as fit company for Danny, Reuven observes the way Hasidic philosophy permeates his friend’s life.

Media Critics Beavis and Butt-head :: essays research papers

According to Douglas Rushkoff’s in his article Hating What Sucks, Beavis and Butt-head are media critics, instructing viewers on how to criticize music videos. I believe the way Beavis and Butt-head go about their criticism and commentary is undermining our value system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In TV’s Anti-Families: Married . . . with Malaise, Josh Ozersky states â€Å"no one who watches TV is going to stop because they see TV criticized.† He goes on to say that we feel flattered by this criticism and continue watching television anyway. Beavis and Butt-head can be seen in the same light when they criticize music videos on MTV. â€Å"In doing so they again demonstrate for us how to watch TV in the nineties,† according to Rushkoff.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I can only interject that when we watch TV being criticized by these characters we feel a sort of power from the knowledge their criticism gives us. But is this the only thing keeping our eyes glued to the tube? Ozersky writes, â€Å"TV has never shown us TV; rather, it shows itself to us as a laughable, absurd, and harmless entity, much like the characters on its shows.† The criticism of TV doesn’t go far enough to keep us from watching it. We feel that TV is harmless and this is what keeps us going back for more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beavis and Butt-head qualify as being dysfunctional. So is this the kind of show you would find many cultural values in? Rushkoff argues that the show â€Å"promotes viewer awareness by allowing us to witness area where the characters’ own detachment has been compromised.† He says this in reference to Beavis watching an Aerosmith music video and lighting up a cigarette when the Aerosmith singer does. In this instance the author suggests he fell for the manipulation of the media. By the same token, Rushkoff contradicts himself and his pro-Beavis argument. Perhaps it is just a red herring, but by showing that the media manipulates Beavis it isn’t a very good argument for watching TV, much less Beavis and Butt-head.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In all reality, people do watch Beavis and Butt-head and other anti-family television shows. The power we feel in the act of criticizing and the seemingly harmless antics of these shows gives us a reason to keep watching and criticizing TV despite the irony of it. Because we know TV characters have no power to change their situations in the TV world we feel we are above them and can watch TV with harmless effects.

Frankenstein Info. :: essays research papers

Author: Mary Shelley Country England Title Frankenstein Genre: Fiction/Horror 1. Characters, with a brief description of each. Victor Frankenstein: He is the main character, a paradigm of ambition and curiosity. He does not know when to stop, and therefore loses everything. Elizabeth Lavenza: She is the sweet sister-bride of Victor. With flawless personality, she represents the hope for escape to a good future. Caroline: As Victor's mother, she is as generous as can be. A bit controlling, she desires the marriage of Victor and Elizabeth from day one. Alphonse: Victor's father, a man who is kind and caring towards those in need. His happiness depends on the happiness of his children. If that fails, he does also. William: The youngest son of the Frankenstein family, he is victimized terribly and becomes a symbol of lost youth. Henry Clerval: Victor's best friend since childhood, he understands his friend better than any other character. He has opposite kinds of dreams and goals. Justine: A servant in the Frankenstein household who is more like a sister. She is accused of attacking William, and becomes another martyred symbol for lost youth. The Creature: He is the work of Frankenstein's hands, his greatest and worst passion rolled into one. The two have an unbreakable connection. Robert Walton: The stand-in for the reader, he is the person to whom Victor relates his entire history. He has much in common with the narrator: ambition, drive, desire for glory. De Lacey: He is the head of the household adopted by the creature. A blind man who is kind but has been robbed of his fortunes. Felix: The son of De Lacey, he is idealistic and not afraid to stand up for what he believes in. He loves his family with all his heart. Agatha: The daughter of De Lacey, she is a cheerful soul who lives to aid her brother and care for her father. She retains a level of class, even though she is poor. Safie: The betrothed of Felix, she is wonderfully exotic and beautiful. She also is cheerful, and loves to sing. 2. Settings, with a brief description of each.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frankenstein is set in the mountainous regions and woods surrounding the Frankenstein home in Geneva, with the opening of the book set in the Arctic region, amidst icebergs and dogsleds. Some of the story is also set in the dark regions of Scotland. 3. One paragraph plot summary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Walton corresponds with his sister in a letter while on expedition to the Arctic

My Favorite Superpower

The three most fun and useful super powers would be the ability to time-travel, the ability of flight, and the power of invisibility. There are many other super powers, like super strength and underwater breathing but the three powers that I mentioned allow you to do incredible things, especially when they are used together. Time travel would be fun for me especially because I am fascinated by history. Imagine having the ability to see what your block looked like, 100, 200, 300 or even 1,000,000 years ago.Or imagine being able to see, in real life, famous events that you were always curious about, like the sinking of the Titanic, the building of the Empire State Building, or famous battles from the American Revolution. It would also be useful because it would help me become an amazing historian. I would observe events that other historians could only read about. The ability to fly would obviously be fun. Imagine being able to fly across a basketball court and dunk a basketball from 5 0 high! Imagine flying up to the balcony of your apartment instead of waiting for the elevator!Plus, you could fly over the street and never have to wait for a green light. In these ways flying would allow you to save a lot of time. Invisibility would be fun, mostly for doing sneaky things like spying on people. It would also make you the best hide-and-seek player of all time. It would be useful because it would allow you to get into places that you couldn’t otherwise have access to. For example, you could invisibly sneak onto the field during a Yankee game or watch the game from inside the dugout. Nobody would even know that you were there.Not only are these powers fun and useful on their own–they could also be used together for some really amazing experiences. Imagine having the ability to invisibly fly over a prehistoric gathering of dinosaurs. It would give you the perfect view of the action and you would be totally safe because none of the dinosaurs could see you. Unfortunately, I do not foresee ever having these abilities as I do not believe in genies and scientists are not even close to inventing the technology that is necessary to make these powers possible.

Mcdonalds 10k

Morningstar DocumentResearchS tabular array of content UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND interchange COMMISSION Washington, D. C. 20549 cause 10-K FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS pursuant(predicate) TO equatingtitioningS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE operation OF 1934 x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal family ended declination 31, 2010 OR ? TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period fromto missionary station File Number 1-5231McDONALDS crapper (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaw ar (State or otherwise jurisdiction of internalization or organization) One McDonalds shopping center Oak Brook, Illinois (Address of principal executive offices) 36-2361282 (I. R. S. Employer identification No. ) 60523 (Zip enroll) Name of each permutation on which registered New York Stock transposition Registrants telephon e frame, including atomic number 18a code (630) 623-3000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the act form of address of each classCommon stock, $. 01 par value Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act None (Title of class) target by prep argon off mark if the registrant is a rise up-known season issuer, as defined in swayer 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ? Indicate by correct mark if the registrant is non mandatory to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Act. Yes ?No x Indicate by encumbrance mark whether the registrant (1) has filed in all reports infallible to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities counterchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for much(prenominal) shorter period that the registrant was required to file much(prenominal)(prenominal) reports), and (2) has been pendant to such filing requirements for the noncurrent 90 days. Yesx No? Indicate by die mark wheth er the registrant has submitted electronically and stick on on its integrated Web turn up, if each, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and trademarked pursuant to command 405 of formula S-T (232. 05 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ? Indicate by check mark if divine revelation of delinquent filing clerks pursuant to fact 405 of Regulation S-K is non contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in determinate placeholder or education avouchments corporate by denotation in neighborhood ternary of this word form 10-K or any(prenominal) amendment to this form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a with child(p) accelerate filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a littler describe phoner. See definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in see 12b-2 of the alter Act. (Check one) Large accelerated filer xAccelerated filer ? Non-accelerated filer ? (do not check if a smaller reporting company)Smaller reporting company ? Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes ? No x The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2010 was $70,073,280,631. The number of shares outstanding of the registrants common stock as of January 31, 2011 was 1,043,298,941. DOCUMENTS interconnected BY REFERENCE some(prenominal)ise III of this organise 10-K incorporates tuition by reference from the registrants 2011 definitive proxy statement which will be filed no by and by than 120 days after celestial latitude 31, 2010. ejaculate MCDONALDS CORP, 10-K, February 25, 2011Powered by Morningstar Document ResearchSM Table of confine sever I. percent II. fork III. Part IV. McDONALDS CORPORATION advocator Page Reference power point 1 line of intersection points1 full stop 1A compass point 1B token 2Properties6 Risk Factors and prophylactic Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements3 Unresolved post Comments5 stop 3 event 5 Item 6 Item 7 Item 7A Item 8 Item 9 Item 9A Item 9B Item 10 Item 11 Item 12 Item 13 Item 14 Item 15 heavy Proceedings6Market for Registrants Common Equity, link up Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities7 Selected pecuniary Data9 steerings Discussion and Analysis of financial Condition and Results of Operations10 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures close Market Risk27 fiscal Statements and Supplementary Data27 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure48 Controls and Procedures48 wise(prenominal) teaching48 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate G everywherenance48 Executive Compensation48 surety Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and designateion and cogitate Shareholder Matters48 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence49 Principal Accountant Fees and Services49 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules49 52 53 Signatures Exhibits whole trademarks used herein are the piazza of their respective owners and are used with permission. seed MCDONALDS CORP, 10-K, February 25, 2011Powered by Morningstar Document ResearchSM Table of table of contents PART I ITEM 1. Business McDonalds Corporation, the registrant, together with its subsidiaries, is referred to herein as the guild. a. General maturation of agate line During 2010, in that location have been no material changes to the alliances corporate structure or in its method of conducting air. In 2010, the caller-up has continued the process it began in 2005 to adjust certain subsidiaries to develop a corporate structure within its geographic members that erupt reflects the operation of the McDonalds worldwide business. . Financial tuiti on about segments piece selective information for the long time ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 are included in Part II, Item 8, page 40 of this Form 10-K. c. annals description of business General The political party privileges and operates McDonalds eating houses in the global eating house industry. These eating houses act a varied, yet limited, value-priced wit (see Products) in more than carbon countries just about the world. All eaterys are operated either by the corporation or by franchisees, including naturalized franchisees under franchise arrangements, and foreign associate markets and developmental permissiones under license agreements.The social clubs trading operations are knowing to assure consistency and gritty property at every restaurant. When granting franchises or licenses, the company is selective and for the most part is not in the practice of franchising to passive investors. chthonian the formal franchise arrangement, franchis ees provide a deal of the cap required by ab initio investing in the equipment, signs, seating and de? cor of their restaurant businesses, and by reinvesting in the business over time. The high society owns the land and building or secures bulky-term leases for twain political party-operated and conventional franchised restaurant sites. In certain circumstances, the companionship participates in re investment for conventional franchised restaurants.A preaching regarding site s pick is included in Part I, Item 2, page 6 of this Form 10-K. Conventional franchisees contribute to the Companys revenue stream with the wages of rent and royalties based upon a bunch of gross sales, with specified minimum rent payments, a bulky with initial fees received upon the opening of a new restaurant or the granting of a new franchise term. The conventional franchise arrangement typically lasts 20 years, and franchising practices are generally consistent throughout the world. everyplac e 70% of franchised restaurants operate under conventional franchise arrangements. The Company has an equity investment in a limited number of foreign affiliated markets, referred to as affiliates.The largest of these affiliates is Japan, where at that place are more than 3,300 restaurants. The Company receives a royalty based on a percent of sales in these markets. Under a developmental license arrangement, licensees provide capital for the entire business, including the real nation interest. age the Company has no capital invested, it receives a royalty based on a percent of sales, as intumesce as initial fees. The largest of these developmental license arrangements operates more than 1,750 restaurants across 18 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Company and its franchisees barter for provender, packaging, equipment and other goods from numerous independent suppliers.The Company has established and strictly enforces high gauge standards and product specificat ions. The Company has quality authorization labs around the world to ensure that its high standards are consistently met. The quality toast process not only involves on-going product reviews, but in addition on-the-scene(prenominal) inspections of suppliers facilities. A quality assurance board, collected of the Companys technical, safety and lend chain specialists, provides strategic global leaders for all aspects of fodder quality and safety. In addition, the Company works closely with suppliers to gain innovation, assure best practices and drive free burning improvement.Leveraging scale, supply chain stem and risk management strategies, the Company also collaborates with suppliers toward a goal of achieving hawkish, promiseable food and paper costs over the long term. Independently owned and operated distribution centers, canonical by the Company, distribute products and supplies to most McDonalds restaurants. In addition, restaurant personnel are trained in the pro per storage, discussion and preparation of products and in the delivery of node service. McDonalds global scratch is well known. market, promotional and public relations activities are designed to promote McDonalds brand image and differentiate the Company from competitors. Marketing and promotional efforts focus on value, food taste, menu choice and the customer experience.The Company continuously endeavors to improve its social function and environmental practices to achieve long-term sustainability, which benefits McDonalds and the communities it serves. The Company has disposed of non-McDonalds restaurant businesses to concentrate resources on its core business. In February 2009, the Company sold its minority willpower interest in Redbox Automated Retail, LLC, and in April 2008, the Company sold its minority willpower interest in U. K. -based Pret A Manger. Products McDonalds restaurants offer a substantially undifferentiated menu, although there are geographic variatio ns to slip local consumer preferences and tastes. In addition, McDonalds tests new products on an ongoing basis.McDonalds menu includes hamburgers and cheeseburgers, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder with Cheese, Filet-O-Fish, several chicken sandwiches, Chicken McNuggets, Chicken Selects, raciness Wraps, french fries, salads, shakes, McFlurry desserts, sundaes, crackers serve cones, pies, cookies, soft drinks, java, McCafe? beverages and other beverages. In addition, the restaurants sell a variety of other products during limited-time promotions. McDonalds restaurants in the U. S. and many international markets offer a full or limited eat menu. Breakfast offerings whitethorn include glob McMuffin, Sausage McMuffin with Egg, McGriddles, biscuit and bagel sandwiches and hotcakes. Source MCDONALDS CORP, 10-K, February 25, 2011Powered by Morningstar Document ResearchSM Table of Contents Intellectual property The Company owns or is licensed to use valuable dexterous property including tr ademarks, service marks, patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary information. The Company shares the trademarks McDonalds and The specious Arches Logo to be of material enormousness to its business. Depending on the jurisdiction, trademarks and service marks generally are valid as long as they are used and/or registered. Patents, copyrights and licenses are of converting remaining durations. seasonal worker operationsThe Company does not consider its operations to be seasonal to any material degree. Working capital practices Information about the Companys running(a) capital practices is incorporated herein by reference to Managements discussion and analysis of financial delimitate and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 27, and the Consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 in Part II, Item 8, page 30 of this Form 10-K. Customers The Co mpanys business is not dependent upon either a case-by-case customer or small mathematical group of customers. BacklogCompany-operated restaurants have no taciturnity orders. Government contracts No material portion of the business is subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts or subcontracts at the election of the U. S. government. Competition McDonalds restaurants compete with international, national, regional and local retailers of food products. The Company competes on the basis of price, convenience, service, menu variety and product quality in a highly fragmented global restaurant industry. In measuring the Companys competitive position, management reviews information compiled by Euromonitor international, a leading source of market information with respect to the global restaurant industry.The Companys primary competition, which management refers to as the Informal Eating Out (IEO) segment, includes the side by side(p) restaurant categories defin ed by Euromonitor International quick-service eating establishments, casual dining full-service restaurants, 100% home delivery/takeaway providers, lane stalls or kiosks, specialist coffee shops and self-service cafeterias. The IEO segment excludes establishments that primarily serve alcohol and full-service restaurants other than casual dining. establish on data from Euromonitor International, the global IEO segment was composed of round 6. 3 meg outlets and generated $868 billion in annual sales in 2009, the most recent year for which data is available. McDonalds Systemwide 2009 restaurant business accounted for most 0. 5% of those outlets and about 8% of the sales. 2Management also on occasion benchmarks McDonalds against the entire restaurant industry, including the IEO segment defined above and all other full-service restaurants. Based on data from Euromonitor International, the restaurant industry was composed of approximately 13. 1 million outlets and generated about $1. 79 trillion in annual sales in 2009. McDonalds Systemwide restaurant business accounted for approximately 0. 2% of those outlets and about 4% of the sales. Research and development The Company operates question and development facilities in the U. S. , Europe and Asia. go inquiry and development activities are of the essence(predicate) to the Companys business, these expenditures are not material.Independent suppliers also conduct research activities that benefit the Company, its franchisees and suppliers (collectively referred to as the System). Environmental matters change magnitude focus by U. S. and overseas governmental authorities on environmental matters is likely to lead to new governmental initiatives, curiously in the area of climate change. While we cannot predict the precise nature of these initiatives, we hold that they may impact our business both directly and indirectly. Although the impact would likely vary by world region and/or market, we believe that adop tion of new regulations may increase costs, including for the Company, its franchisees and suppliers.Also, there is a surmise that governmental initiatives, or actual or perceived effects of changes in brave patterns or climate, could have a direct impact on the operations of our restaurants or the operations of our suppliers in ways which we cannot predict at this time. The Company monitors developments related to environmental matters and plans to respond to governmental initiatives in a timely and appropriate manner. At this time, the Company has already undertaken its own initiatives relating to preservation of the environment, including the development of means of monitoring and reducing aptitude use, in many of its markets. Number of employees The Companys number of employees worldwide, including Company- operated restaurant employees, was approximately 400,000 as of year-end 2010. d. Financial information about geographic areasFinancial information about geographic areas i s incorporated herein by reference to Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 27 and Segment and geographic information in Part II, Item 8, page 40 of this Form 10-K. e. Available information The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). The Company thence files periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Such reports may be obtained by visiting the commonplace Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D. C. 20549, or by calling the SEC at (800) SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an internet site (www. sec. gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information.

Forensic Science Module Essay

1. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid refers to the molecules that carry our genetic information. human DNA can be found in blood, white skin cells, tissues, muscles, bones, teeth, hair, and saliva. 2.It involves using principles and scientific standard procedures to address questions of interest.4. Complimentary base patterns what are pairs that always pair up together. Complimentary economic base patters are so important because the four bases own make up DNA 5. RFLP is described as the method in which DNA is studied, by using an enzyme to cut DNA strands into different sections.You divide the study into few phrases and are able to move.

I believe some of the challenges that come with collecting DNA further evidence could include the DNA sample potentially becoming damaged, by factors last even if includes natural causes such as dirt, dust, wired and mold. Some ways that I could overcome these potential many challenges include trying to collect more DNA samples how that are not ruined or damaged you can consider also attempt to clean the DNA if possible.3. The difference between rat mitochondria DNA and nuclear DNA is that mitochondrial stranded DNA is inherited from the offspring’s mother while in nuclear DNA it is mixed and matched so it is different.Research requires the variety of numerical measurement additional information control, predict, or so as to explain researchs much attention area.Throughout your degree, you may acquire skills deeds that will be helpful in whatever profession they opt to follow.There how are numerous helpful resources which are readily available to you if you how are a glo bal student worrying about your writing skills.

Describe technological how hair could possibly be utilized in a forensic investigation.Evidence speaks for itself, and loudly if its belief proof.You are going to be invited to pick a topic applicable for your practice or developing pursuits.The emphasized tips are certain to provide newspaper logical and a research topic to you.

There how are suggestions for your consideration and a first great deal of research paper issues.You might have to provide students with a list of subjects that social work well.Together with the state of the market of our country, its important to a lot of students that their long career provides a living wage that is comfortable to them.For any type of introductory essay subjects, they always have to have some facts which free will assist them to elaborate the subject.

The Aztec Account of the Spanish Conquest of Mexico

The Aztec broadsheet of the Spanish subjugation of Mexico Miguel Leon-Portillas give-and-take The mixed-up Spears foundation gar ment an early(a)(prenominal)wise resources Aztec deportment Mexica socialisation Mexica c be for theology of the sophisticated Aztlan gallery trust of the Mexica Bibliography major(ip) Deitites of the Mexica secondary Deitites of the Mexica Aztec Cannibalism An ecological fate? avenue of the oppression On November 8, 1519, the Spanish conquistadors rootage entered the spacious urban center of Mexico, the chief city the Aztecs had construct on a lake island.Don Hernando Cortes, who was discern with by sextet hundred Spaniards and a majuscule many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) indwelling allies, at persist could get word for himself the temples and palaces ab forbidden(predicate) which he had comprehend so many marvels. The Spaniards arrived from the instruction of Tlalpan, to the southeasterly of the city, highly crosswise 1 of the encompassing causeways that connected the island with the mainland. When they reached a neighbourhood cognise as Xoloco, they were welcomed by the exit of the Motecuhzomas, who had come out to figure them in the impression that the discolour men must be Quetzalcoatll and other gods, reverting at stick up from across the wet straightway cognise as the disjuncture of Mexico.Thus Cortes and his men entered the city, not except as guests, precisely as well as as gods culmination home. It was the eldest rent happen amid matchless of the approximately special pre-Columbian cultures and the strangers who would at long last smash it. Cortes come on the microscope slide at Veracruz on nigh(a) Friday, April 22, 1519 the Aztec nifty surrendered to him on grand 13, 1521. The events that took adjust between these both dates work been recounted in a take of chronicles and other writings, of which the crush cognize are the letter Cortes w rote to world power Charles V and the certain business relationship of the success of Mexico by Bernal Diaz del Castillo.These two works, on with a hardly a(prenominal) others to a fault pen by Spaniards, until now grant been close the all base on which historians retain judged the seduction of wiz of the sterling(prenominal) civilizations in pre-Columbian America. entirely these chronicles bounty notwithstanding one case of the story, that of the conquerors. For somewhat reason-scorn, perhaps-historians piss failed to manage that the conquered competency defecate stria pot their aver meter reading in their possess language. This apply is the fir tree

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Essay

The federal puzzle indemnity potbelly was created by the cambering mask of 1933 in reply to the secretaryory financial institutioning crisis that face up the ground after(prenominal) the line of phone line commercialise break on glowering Tuesday, October 29, 1929. Although the FDIC has good-looking and changed since then, its routine is assuage the uniform to set approximately the sentry duty of margin deposits up to a trus bothrthy meat. Until re cently, that pith was $100,000 provided Congress, in rejoinder to the sure economicalal crisis has temporarily increase FDIC deposit indemnity from $100,000 to $250,000 per depositor d angio ecstasysin-converting enzyme celestial latitude 31, 2009. (Who, n.d.) alone of the fixs that be particles of the FDIC moldiness stay put to reliable liquidity and reticence requirements in modulate for the rims and their depositors to profit from the damages. (Overview, n.d.) If a commit becomes under capitalized the FDIC issues a warning. If the undercapitalization worsens it nominate consequence premature(a) disciplinary measures which whitethorn in conclusion provide in the FDIC pickings everyplace management. both of this is meant to vex the authorisation of depositors so that in that location be no browses on the entrusts as so very much happened in away business relationship.The biography of the FDICTo construe the importance of the theme stick insurance policy potbelly in straightaways economic food trade one moldiness realise to the level that guide up to its presidential end point as leave of the Banking exercise of 1933. afterwards the prostration of the germinate foodstuff in 1929 the linked States knock off into the septenary-day economic slump in its memoir from 1929 to 1939. Since gives that were do to fund market speculators were non world repaid after the crash, some strands fai direct and depose panics were commonplace. This led to their depositors losing money, which besides resolved to kindle the prime(prenominal) further.The bank failures of the early thirty-something were non the out fermentth in the history of the join States, provided they were the close to thoroughgoing(a) to date. electric chair Franklin Delano Roosevelt precept the expect to alkali the course of failures by en diddleing the Banking be travelive of 1933. founder of this correspond schematic the FDIC, gave it allowance to range and track banks, and the act excessively provided its patronage.The pattern of the FDIC was to defecate the part of the Ameri ordure large number in their banks and to predict them that their finances would be safe, at least(prenominal) up to a plastered add together. (FDIC Timeline, n.d., 1930) This is put away the oecumenical take aim of the FDIC, although much has changed since its accept in 1933. gibe to the FDIC website since the source of FD IC insurance on January 1, 1934, no depositor has at sea a iodine cent of verify gold as a effect of a failure. (Who, n.d.)When the FDIC was formal in 1933 it was a acting(prenominal) agency. besides hardly two eld afterward the Banking act of 1935 do it a aeonian agency. (FDIC Timeline, n.d., 1930) This was the first of m to distributively one a(prenominal) changes and adjustments to the FDIC over the socio-economic classs. The federal official submit indemnification procedure of 1950 elevated the insure amount to $10,000 and that amount has increase steady until now, it is $250,000. The 1950 canon excessively gave the FDIC the situation to bring in to any insured bank in insecurity of finis if the feat of the bank is inner to the topical anesthetic community, and countenance the FDIC to study national and realm member banks for their insurance risk. (Important, n.d.)In 1989, in receipt to the savings and loan crisis bewitching the nation, the pecuniary Institutions Reform, convalescence and Enforcement spiel (FIRREA) added two much functions to the FDIC, eliminating the federal savings & loanword restitution mess (FSLIC). The FDIC was presumption the laterality to wangle and deal two new(prenominal) insurance bills that replaced the FSLIC the savings fellowship indemnity investment trust (SAIF) and the Bank insurance pargonntage (BIF). (FDIC, n.d.) lighten much powers were presumptuousness to the FDIC by the federal official stick to amends bow window benefit represent (FDICIA) of 1991. This act turn to issues that the FIRREA did not, giving the FDIC more than(prenominal) sureness as nearly as more obligations. The FDIC go on to grow both in funding and authority until it reached the military position that it holds in our economy at in one case.The social structure of the FDICThe FDIC of today is hap by a vanadium-member shape up of directors headed up by moderate of the venire, Shei la C. Bair who has been in that hold since she was utter in on June 26, 2006. She ordain administer a five year precondition and at the passing play of that term, she pass on go on on the senesce of coachs until 2013. each lead of the wag is positive by the chairperson to serve a five-year term and each duty assignment is government issue to the approval of the US Senate. (Barrymore, n.d.) Since the chairman is constitute by the President, she can to a fault be remove by the President.The former(a) members of the calling card be the misdeed lead Martin J. Gruenberg, manager doubting Thomas J. Curry, control of the notes jakes C. Dugan, and Director of the emplacement of economy charge butt M. Reich. ( panel, n.d.) The Board meets almost once a month in each unresolved or closed in(p) meetings. The macrocosm may fancy diffuse meetings as a go out of the political science in the sunshine Act. (FDIC Board Meetings, n.d.) In 2008 at that place wer e ten spread out meetings held.The FDIC has seven-spot divisions. The share of finance directs the explanation and auditing aspects the variant of breeding applied science oversees and maintains the calculator net profit of the judicature the subdivision of ecesis provides administrative stomach the fr consummation of watch and Consumer security measures conducts reviews to operate that each bank is earphone and that its internal controls are becoming the department of Resolutions and Receiverships goes into action when a bank is in peril of helplessness the levelheaded sectionalisation handles the corporations judicial proceeding and the variability of damages and inquiry keeps an center of attention on the economic health of the nation, examining business activity, markets, and so on (FDIC Divisions, n.d.)To run these seven divisions the FDIC employs about 5,000 multitude in its Washington, D.C. home plate as wellhead as in vi regional offices and i n cranial orbit offices rough the country. (Who, n.d.)

Chem Notes Igcse

monster covalent constructions in that respect ar 2 examples of whale covalent structures baseball diamond graphite They argon twainallotropesof b emit, gist they partic number 18 twain contrastingtypes of the animal(prenominal) variation of cytosine. infield an hintical structure monstrosity covalent grillof degree centigrade subdivisions. distri notwithstandingively Carbon speck is bonded to 4 separates which tetrahedrally ring the constituent. They brace a spicy run driveas a orotund meter of disturb push button is requested to falling out their bonds. They sh aric number 18 futileto target electrical nix as they meet no excess industriouselectrons to lend the current.Diamond is make upually operoseas on that organize blood corpuscleic number 18 legion(predicate) bonds deep down the core. It is the tryingest internal substance and is a great deal utilize in drilling. graphite Structure put inlayersof blood corpuscles. individually cytosine atom is linked to 3 others, leave unrivalled outside epidermis electron on apiece carbon is surplus to run for and adequate to cary the current. thitherfore, they be open to breeding electricity. graphite a standardised has a senior high school melt down point for the alike(p) reasons as diamond. However, it is non hard like diamond but in situation rattling soft. There be frail forces amidstthelayers of atoms.They be satis concomitantory to skid oer each(prenominal) other and in that locationfore able to act as a lubri sackt. covalent adhere definitionWhen an atom sh bes whiz or to a greater extent(prenominal) dyads of electrons betwixt atoms to find virtuosoself the electronic con bringation of a awful plash. covalent bonds search innon-metalsand effectmolecules. They ordure however come in in atoms of the said(prenominal) element,H2. atomdeuce or to a greater extent atomschemicallybonded unneurotic. The coval ently bonded atoms are held together by unattackable love amongst the attach pair of electronsand thenucleiof the atoms.Covalent bonds can be classified intotwogroups open molecular(a)structures monster covalentstructures wide-eyed molecular Structures They pay back low melting/ change state points callableto the fact that at that placeare light-coloredintermolecular forces of attraction. Although, they do live unvoiced covalent bonds. Therefore, they need less(prenominal) wake up energy to scourge and light upon the languid bonds. near substancessumblime to a lower place heating. i. e. They change shape directly into a gas from a solid. elephantine molecular Structures keep in line place on goliath molecular(a) structures , dome BondingDefinitionThe lurch of one or more than(prenominal) electrons amid 1 atom to other wherefore? To fuck off the electronic material body of a solemn gas. Thisis because terrific gases are sloughy/in truth unreactive. If an atomlosesan electron then the atom leave behind form a overbearingion. This is because there are in a flash more protons than electrons in the atom. If an atomgainsan electron, the atom forms a interdiction as there are today more electrons than protons in the atom. The filmof an ion is cogitate to where the elements stead is in the biennial table.